TRT-Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Springfield, NJ.
201-292-0706
Reclaim Your Youth and Vitality with TRT in Springfield, NJ
It can be hard to hear for some, but getting older is just part of life. For many men, hitting a certain age signifies the beginning of a new chapter - where bucket list items are crossed off, and goals are accomplished. For others, however, aging is a scary prospect, filled with nagging injuries, embarrassing weight gain, and inability to perform intimately. Few things feel worse than realizing that you simply can't perform as you used to, whether on the basketball court or in the bedroom.
The reality is, as men get older and approach middle age, their testosterone levels drop. When a male's testosterone levels get lower, it can cause a slew of unwanted symptoms like:
If you have noticed any of the above symptoms and feel like you're just dragging yourself through life, don't lose hope. Many men around the country are experiencing the same feelings as you. Thankfully, you don't have to settle for the side effects of low testosterone. There are proven, easy steps that you can take to reverse the negative signs of aging. If you're ready to reclaim your youth and feel like you did in your 20s and 30s, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may be the perfect solution.
TRT bridges the gap between your old life and the happier, more vibrant version of you. That's where Juventee comes in - to facilitate your transition to a more youthful, fulfilling life and a brighter future. After all, aren't YOU supposed to be in charge of your wellness and health? With the Juventee team by your side, you'll have the tools to do so - backed by a personalized plan crafted by experts with more than 20 years of experience.
The Juventee Difference
At Juventee, we propose a preventive and proactive medical approach to preserve optimal body function, with the best hormonal functioning to prolong vitality and youthfulness. Our specialty is Age Management, which is based on the belief that balance is the key to wellness. We employ the most innovative science, offering treatments like TRT in Springfield, NJ, and other clinical products with proven efficacy.
Living a younger, healthier, and longer life is a frequent commitment for Juventee's team of specialists. We are experts at designing customized programs that work synergistically with your body and brain. We love incorporating smart nutrition, hormonal balance, exercise, stress management, cognitive health, and lifestyle changes into our treatment programs. We also implement sciences such as testosterone replacement therapy to achieve verifiable, legitimate results.
Our doctors take differing approaches to care but share the single goal of prolonging your youth and vitality. With that goal in mind, Juventee was born from the hands of its partners, who want you to feel full strength, energy, joy, confidence, and wellbeing.
testosterone levels. Unfortunately, when a man loses too much testosterone, it results in a condition called hypogonadism. Also called "Low T," testosterone loss due to hypogonadism must be replenished, or the male suffers from difficult, even debilitating symptoms.
We Work With
What is Testosterone?
What pops up in your head when you think about testosterone? Many people associate testosterone with being overly aggressive, macho, and violent. However, the truth is that testosterone is a critical hormone for men and affects the male lifespan from puberty through old age. As a sex hormone, male testosterone is produced through the testicles. It becomes most prevalent during puberty.
Testosterone production is controlled by the pituitary gland at the base of a man's brain. This gland sends signals to the testes, which in turn produce testosterone. A feedback loop helps regulate the amount of testosterone in the blood. When levels are too high, the brain orders the pituitary gland to restrict production.
Did You Know?
Cholesterol synthesizes the testosterone in your body. However, having high cholesterol doesn't mean you have high testosterone levels, too. T levels are too carefully controlled by your pituitary gland for cholesterol to raise testosterone levels.
During puberty, testosterone helps males develop:
- Body Hair
- Facial Hair
- Muscle Strength
- Increased Libido
- Deeper Voice
- Muscle Density
- Sperm
What is TRT in Springfield, NJ?
Testosterone replacement is exactly what its name implies. It's a therapy for men that replaces diminished testosterone levels, which helps balance your hormones and ultimately improves your life. Also called androgen replacement therapy, TRT alleviates many of the side effects that men suffer from as a result of low testosterone.
Testosterone was originally synthesized in a lab in 1935. Its popularity has grown since, and today, it is among the most promising doctor-prescribed treatments for men in the United States.
So, how does testosterone replacement therapy work? TRT essentially gives you the testosterone needed to be healthy and have a properly functioning body. As the primary androgen for males, testosterone has a role in the natural processes your body needs for overall health. This extra hormonal intake positively affects patients and their general health, preventing diseases such as osteoporosis, cardiac diseases, and more.
Though there is an abundance of testosterone in your system throughout puberty and into your 20s, it gradually depletes with age. Sometimes, serious injuries and long-term conditions like diabetes affect testosterone levels. Unfortunately, when a man loses too much testosterone, it results in a condition called hypogonadism. Also called "Low T," testosterone loss due to hypogonadism must be replenished, or the male suffers from difficult, even debilitating symptoms.
Common Signs of Low Testosterone
Though some symptoms of low T are abundantly evident, not all men can immediately tell they may need TRT. If you're unsure, ask yourself these questions:
- Are you usually a productive powerhouse but now feel like you lack drive and motivation?
- Have you had a normal sex life in the past but now find that you're losing the ability to be intimate?
- Are you usually calm and collected, but your partner is complaining about your irritability?
If you answered yes to any of those questions, it could be time to contact Juventee about a personalized TRT plan. Still unsure if you're experiencing symptoms of low T? We have compiled a more extensive list of signs below:
Decreased Energy
Low energy used to be considered a normal part of aging. Today, most doctors know better. Modern advances in medicine show that lack of energy and low T often go hand-in-hand.
If it's a huge struggle to keep up with your kids on the soccer field, or you just don't have the energy to be active, you may have low testosterone. Getting tired is normal, but if it's an ongoing problem affecting you and your family, it's time to consult a doctor.
Whether you're having a tough time getting through your day or can't finish normal activities, TRT in Springfield, NJ could be the solution.
Lowered Libido
You would think that lowered libido would be easy to pick up on, but when it happens gradually, it can be more difficult to diagnose. With that said, many men use TRT because they've lost that "spark" in the bedroom. It's not easy for a man to hear that they're not pleasing their partner because intimacy is an important part of a relationship.
The good news? Having a low libido doesn't have to be permanent. TRT treatments can help revert hormone levels to their normal range, making for a more enjoyable sex life.
Hair Loss
If you're like millions of other men, hair loss is an unfortunate reality you don't want to think about. Closely related to hormone imbalances and testosterone decline, hair loss is about as distressing as it gets. This common symptom is often related to DHT - a derivative of testosterone that can cause hair follicles to die.
Thankfully, a carefully monitored TRT regimen can help restore hair, especially when combined with methods like plasma-rich therapy. While it's true that you can't change your genes, you can change the effects of low testosterone in your body, so hair loss isn't your only reality.
Inability to Achieve and Maintain Erections
Weak erections - it's an uncomfortable subject for men to talk about. It's even worse to experience the symptom in the heat of the moment. Despite being very common, men shame themselves when they can't achieve an erection. And while there are many reasons for this malady, low testosterone is often a contributing factor.
Fortunately, you don't have to live with weak erections forever when you balance your hormones with a personalized TRT treatment plan from Juventee.
Depression
You're feeling down about everything and can't figure out why you feel crummy about life. You're successful at work but feel unaccomplished. If you're experiencing symptoms like these, you may be depressed - and it could be stemming from low testosterone.
Studies show that men with depression and high cortisol levels also commonly have low testosterone. Because higher cortisol levels can lead to low T, the chances of severe depression increase.
Depression is a very real disorder and should always be diagnosed and treated by your doctor. One treatment option, when used in conjunction with therapy, is TRT. When TRT is used to replenish hormone levels, men enjoy a lighter, more optimistic mood. That's great news for depressed men who have had little-to-no success with powerful anti-depression meds.
Lack of Sleep
Experts have found that men who lose a week's worth of sleep may experience a drop in testosterone by as much as 15%. These findings are alarming and may suggest that sleep loss lowers T levels and affects wellbeing.
If you find yourself exhausted at the end of the day but toss and turn all night long, it could be time to have your testosterone levels checked. TRT may restore your testosterone levels which can help you sleep better with proper exercise and diet.
Loss of Strength and Muscle Mass
Are you struggling to lift weights in the gym or find that you can't pick up items that used to be easy to lift? Studies show that inactive men can lose .5% of muscle strength each year after the age of 25. When you hit 60, muscle loss doubles every ten years. While muscle loss is common with age, it can also be linked to low T.
Testosterone is a crucial piece needed for building and retaining muscle mass. That's why many doctors are prescribing TRT for males experiencing sharp declines in strength and muscle mass. Whether your workouts are losing steam or you're having problems lifting items that aren't very heavy, don't blame it all on age. You could be suffering from hypogonadism.
Weight Gain
Nobody likes to gain weight, even though our society is more accepting of overweight people than ever before. Despite diets and carb cutting, many men aren't able to get rid of excess belly and body fat, increasing the chances of heart disease and cancer.
Sometimes, male weight gain isn't caused by sweets and carbs but by hormone imbalances that slow the metabolism. This phase of life is called andropause and occurs when testosterone levels are low. Combining a low metabolism with other symptoms like high cortisol levels can be a recipe for a double-chinned disaster. Fortunately, TRT treatments and physician-led weight loss programs can correct hormone imbalances and lead to healthy weight loss for men.
Gynecomastia
The enlargement of male breast tissue, also called "man boobs," is a fairly common condition that many men have. Though it is closely associated with diet and other life choices, increased fatty tissue is often caused by hormonal imbalances.
If you're approaching middle age and you're embarrassed by having large breasts, don't lose hope. TRT is a safe, effective way to eliminate the underlying cause of gynecomastia without invasive surgery. With a custom HRT and fitness program, you can bring your testosterone and estrogen levels back to normal before you know it.
Be the Best Version of Yourself with TRT in Springfield, NJ
The human body is amazing in so many ways. Still, we have to optimize it every now and then using science, medicine, and hard work. After 40, you may notice that your body is changing, but symptoms like low libido and lack of motivation don't have to be permanent. Juventee has the team, tools, and experience to help recapture your youth and feel better than ever before.
If you're getting older and you're worried about low testosterone, give our office a call today. It would be our pleasure to care for you using the highest quality products, backed by research and applied by professionals with your best interests in mind.
Whether you need a boost to help you get through your busy work week or a natural solution to an embarrassing problem like ED, we're here for you. Our doctors will explain your treatment options in-depth and take as much time as you need to feel comfortable and confident about TRT. Remember, when you treat your body with love and care, it will reciprocate generously. Let our team teach you the techniques to prolong your sense of youth and provide you with the treatment to solidify your wellbeing as you age with grace. Contact Juventee today. By tomorrow, you'll be one step closer to meeting the best version of yourself.
Latest News in Springfield, NJ
Construction progresses, preleasing begins at Metropolitan in Springfield
Linda Lindnerhttps://www.roi-nj.com/2023/10/06/real_estate/construction-progresses-preleasing-begins-at-metropolitan-in-springfield/
Garden Communities recently announced it launched preleasing for the townhome phase of the Metropolitan in Springfield, as construction continues at a steady pace.Located at 92 Millburn Ave. on the former Saks Fifth Avenue store site, the community will feature a combination of townhomes and apartments for a total of 270 luxury rental residences.Current construction highlights include progress on building façades, providing a closer look at ...
Garden Communities recently announced it launched preleasing for the townhome phase of the Metropolitan in Springfield, as construction continues at a steady pace.
Located at 92 Millburn Ave. on the former Saks Fifth Avenue store site, the community will feature a combination of townhomes and apartments for a total of 270 luxury rental residences.
Current construction highlights include progress on building façades, providing a closer look at the mixed-used development’s exterior design features.
The Metropolitan features a sleek, modern look with buildings clad in mixed materials including cast stone, brick and fiber cement.
“We’re thrilled to see the Metropolitan’s design concepts coming to life as preleasing gets underway and we move closer to delivering exciting new residential options to the neighborhood,” Garden Communities Managing Director Scott Loventhal said.
Among its distinguishing attributes, the Metropolitan sits just one-half mile from New Jersey Transit’s Short Hills train station and offers fast access to Interstate 78 and routes 22 and 24. Marcy Cowen, leasing manager, noted that early interest from potential residents has been bolstered by the resulting easy commute to Manhattan and all of northern and central New Jersey.
The Metropolitan includes 47 two- and three-bedroom townhomes ranging from 2,608 to 3,187 square feet — each with a two-car private garage — around the property perimeter. At the center, an apartment building will include 223 one- and two-bedroom residences. Additionally, the Metropolitan will incorporate approximately 5,000 square feet of retail space fronting on Millburn Avenue.
“We tailored the Metropolitan to cater to the growing demand for amenity-rich, maintenance-free living,” Cowen noted. “It’s a lifestyle experience that will appeal to a wide range of renters.”
The Metropolitan will include a daytime concierge, lobby coffee bar, community room, coworking spaces, a state-of-the-art fitness center and more. Conveniences will abound, from electric vehicle chargers to package lockers and resident storage. Thoughtfully designed features include a parking garage (with reserved resident parking) tucked away from street view. Outside, park-like grounds will foster passive and active recreation with courtyards, seating areas and firepits; a heated pool with sundeck; and an outdoor kitchen, barbecue grills and dining areas.
Monthly rents for the townhomes at the Metropolitan begin at $6,945, with the initial residences expected to be ready for occupancy before year-end.
Springfield BOE Approves New Contract with Superintendent Goldberg Through June 2028
Guy Kipphttps://www.tapinto.net/towns/springfield/sections/education/articles/springfield-boe-approves-new-contract-with-superintendent-goldberg-through-june-2028
SPRINGFIELD, NJ -- The Springfield Board of Education at its meeting on Monday, Sept. 18 approved a contract with Superintendent of Schools Dr. Rachel Goldberg retroactive from July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2028.The contract, approved by an 8-0 vote by the BOE, received the prior approval of Interim Executive County Superintendent of Schools Daryl Palmieri.Goldberg took over as the superintendent in Springfield in 2020, succeeding Michael Davino, who had served in the position for 15 years.Sign Up for FREE Spring...
SPRINGFIELD, NJ -- The Springfield Board of Education at its meeting on Monday, Sept. 18 approved a contract with Superintendent of Schools Dr. Rachel Goldberg retroactive from July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2028.
The contract, approved by an 8-0 vote by the BOE, received the prior approval of Interim Executive County Superintendent of Schools Daryl Palmieri.
Goldberg took over as the superintendent in Springfield in 2020, succeeding Michael Davino, who had served in the position for 15 years.
Sign Up for FREE Springfield Newsletter
Get local news you can trust in your inbox.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Goldberg, who received her doctorate from Seton Hall University, had been receiving a salary of $221,395, which is $33,823 above the average salary of $187,572 for a superintendent of a school district in New Jersey, or 18 percent above the average superintendent's pay, according to data released by the state Department of Education in July.
Last May, the Springfield Education Association, the principals' organization, and the supervisors' organization registered a vote of "no confidence" in Goldberg. (See that story here.)
At Monday night's meeting -- which lasted nearly four hours -- several faculty members came forward criticizing the BOE's decision to extend Goldberg's contract for five more school years and protesting working conditions in the schools where they teach.
"You are supposed to be acting in the best interest of the students," one teacher said to the board members during public comment Tuesday night. "You need to do better."
Several residents complained about the frequency of faculty members leaving the district for other opportunities in other school districts.
"If there's not a back-and-forth developed here (between the BOE, administration and faculty), that's just going to continue," another resident predicted of Springfield school teachers leaving the district.
"It's not a teacher shortage. We're leaving because we're not treated properly," said one math teacher at Tuesday's meeting, speaking of the attrition of faculty members in the district. "I have to teach so many levels that sometimes I don't even know which group is in front of me."
Science teacher Robert Hildebrand said that the average class sizes of his have increased by 30 percent over the last two years because of the reduction of staff at Florence M. Gaudineer Middle School and the elimination of team teaching.
"Those children and struggling and suffering," a teacher at Edward V. Walton School said. "They are not getting what they need. It is incredibly sad that we have to stand here again and plead for what we need."
"Our aides are quitting because there are three or four of them for an entire grade," another Walton School teacher said.
"I had a seventh-grader ask me why he was on his ninth schedule, and it was only the eighth day of the school year," a teacher at FMG said. "We were so hopeful when we came to you last time. Meet with us, come to our classroom."
"I am going to note that some of the things you are pointing out are things that we need to know," Goldberg said. "Having articulation of 'Hey, we need this" is really going to be helpful."
Goldberg said, "We are working on aides. We are looking closely at staffing to make sure that that's there. We are continuing to look for aides."
The superintendent said, "We're bringing in new staff. That's genuinely where we are. ... I find great joy in visiting classrooms and directing traffic. ... My door is open, my ears are open, my heart is open."
Springfield BOE member Marc Miller said to the faculty members at the meeting, "Don't misconstrue our vote of confidence for Dr. Goldberg with rejecting your concerns. We're all parents in this district, too. What's best for you is what's best for our kids, too."
Board member Kristy Rubin said in support of Goldberg, "Rachel is approachable. Go to her (with your concerns)."
Yelena Zolotarsky, another BOE member, said, "I don't think it's beneficial to Springfield schools and students to replace Superintendent Goldberg."
Goldberg's salary ranked her the 104th highest-paid superintendent in New Jersey. New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy eliminated a salary cap of $191,584 for superintendents in the state in 2019.
U.S. News & World Report Reveals 2023 'Best High Schools' List; Jonathan Dayton H.S. Just Misses Top 100 in NJ
Guy Kipphttps://www.tapinto.net/towns/springfield/sections/education/articles/u-s-news-world-report-reveals-2023-best-high-schools-list-jonathan-dayton-h-s-just-misses-top-100-in-nj
SPRINGFIELD, NJ -- Jonathan Dayton High School was ranked No. 110 in New Jersey in U.S. News & World Report's 2023-2024 Best High Schools List.Dayton received an overall scorecard grade of 86.11 from U.S. News & World Report, with a reading proficiency score of 64%. The graduation rate at Dayton is 98%.U.S. News & World Report’s B...
SPRINGFIELD, NJ -- Jonathan Dayton High School was ranked No. 110 in New Jersey in U.S. News & World Report's 2023-2024 Best High Schools List.
Dayton received an overall scorecard grade of 86.11 from U.S. News & World Report, with a reading proficiency score of 64%. The graduation rate at Dayton is 98%.
U.S. News & World Report’s Best High Schools list looks at public schools whose students demonstrated "outstanding outcomes above expectations in math, reading and science state assessments, earned qualifying scores in an array of college-level exams, and graduated in high proportions." U.S. News worked with RTI International, a global nonprofit social science research firm, to rank almost 18,000 public high schools across the country. Six factors were used to determine the rankings:
Sign Up for FREE Springfield Newsletter
Get local news you can trust in your inbox.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
College Readiness: Weighted 30%
College Curriculum Breadth: Weighted 10%
State Assessment Proficiency: Weighted 20%
State Assessment Performance: Weighted 20%
Underserved Student Performance: Weighted 10%
Graduation Rate: Weighted 10%
The Early College at Guilford in Greensboro, N.C. was ranked as the No. 1 High School in American on U.S. News' list while Union County Magnet School ranked as the No. 1 high school in New Jersey.
Three of the five Union County VoTech schools, which are located in Scotch Plains, finished in the state's Top 10: Union County Magnet School, Academy for Information Technology (AIT), and Academy for Allied Health Services (Allied Health). The Magnet School also ranked as the No. 26 high school in the country, while AIT was rated No. 122, and Allied Health was ranked No. 230, according to U.S. News' list.
Excluding prep, technical and magnet schools, Jonathan Dayton High School was ranked eighth in the county.
Here are the rankings of some nearby public high schools in Union County:
NJ State Rank
12 Elizabeth
23 Summit
49 Westfield
51 New Providence
78 Scotch Plains-Fanwood
80 Governor Livingston High School
109 Cranford High School
110 Jonathan Dayton High School
202 Roselle Park High School
231 Arthur L. Johnson High School
347 Abraham Clark High School (Roselle)
352-399 Plainfield
NJDA Recognizes Jonathan Dayton as a Farm to School Participant
Guy Kipphttps://www.tapinto.net/towns/springfield/sections/education/articles/njda-recognizes-jonathan-dayton-as-a-farm-to-school-participant
SPRINGFIELD, NJ -- Jonathan Dayton High School was one of five high schools in Union County cited by the New Jersey Department of Agriculture as a Farm to School Recognition Program School.New Jersey schools that entered the Farm to School Recognition Program for the current school year were required to show evidence of working with farmers and the community to ensure students have access to healthy Jersey Fresh fruits and vegetables in their school cafeterias and classrooms."School gardens are an integral part of Farm to ...
SPRINGFIELD, NJ -- Jonathan Dayton High School was one of five high schools in Union County cited by the New Jersey Department of Agriculture as a Farm to School Recognition Program School.
New Jersey schools that entered the Farm to School Recognition Program for the current school year were required to show evidence of working with farmers and the community to ensure students have access to healthy Jersey Fresh fruits and vegetables in their school cafeterias and classrooms.
"School gardens are an integral part of Farm to School activities and provide hands-on education for students to connect to the state’s agricultural history and learn healthy, lifelong eating habits," the NJDA said in a press release.
Sign Up for FREE Springfield Newsletter
Get local news you can trust in your inbox.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Joining Joseph F. Cappello as Farm to School Recognition Program Schools are:
Henry P. Becton Regional High School
Hopewell Valley School District
Linden Public School District
North Dover Elementary - Dover Public School District
Rahway Public School District
Springfield School District
Summit School District
Union Public School District
Washington School - Nutley Public School District
Schools will receive Jersey Fresh Farm to School promotional materials kits including a Jersey Fresh Farm to School banner, aprons, taste test stickers, Jersey Tastes posters and seasonality charts.
Jersey Fresh Farm to School Week was designated as the last week of each September by a law signed in 2010. During this week, the New Jersey Department of Agriculture showcases schools that connect with New Jersey farmers to purchase local produce for school meals to increase student consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Farm to School activities can include:
Nutrition education, including taste tests with produce purchased from local farms.
Harvest meals serving locally sourced products from New Jersey farms.
Farm to School curricular tie-ins that connect the cafeteria to the classroom or school garden.
Visits to or from local farms that teach students how food is grown.
School garden education that ties directly into what is already being taught in the classroom.
Mayor Capodice Updates Township Committee on Gomes Construction Project
Guy Kipphttps://www.tapinto.net/towns/springfield/sections/real-estate/articles/mayor-capodice-updates-township-committee-on-gomes-construction-project
SPRINGFIELD, NJ -- Mayor Chris Capodice referenced more progress at the Gomes redevelopment site in his update at the June 26 Township Committee meeting.The mayor said that earlier in June, the court entered an order directing a specific timetable for corrective steps at the site at the corner of Caldwell Place and Morris Avenue.On June 23, part of the court order required weekly progress reports from the developer. The latest report, which was received on Thursday, indicated that "specific remediation steps would be neede...
SPRINGFIELD, NJ -- Mayor Chris Capodice referenced more progress at the Gomes redevelopment site in his update at the June 26 Township Committee meeting.
The mayor said that earlier in June, the court entered an order directing a specific timetable for corrective steps at the site at the corner of Caldwell Place and Morris Avenue.
On June 23, part of the court order required weekly progress reports from the developer. The latest report, which was received on Thursday, indicated that "specific remediation steps would be needed concerning the old hair salon located at 26 Center Street. Remediation involves a potential underground storage tank and asbestos which needs to be abated before the unsafe structure can be removed. It continues to be beyond comprehension as to why the developer waited this long to address these issues."
Sign Up for FREE Springfield Newsletter
Get local news you can trust in your inbox.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
The mayor said, "We will continue to press this matter. The court has indicated that this structure must be removed by August 1 or the township may begin steps to remove it."
The Aug. 1 date looms as a deadline in order for progress at the frequently stalled construction site to continue.
"Certain foundations continue to be poured so that the structure may proceed," Capodice said. "The site lines and back filling on Morris Avenue are critical concerns that must be remedied by Aug. 1. We will continue to press these issues as appropriate."
Capodice said that there is more current activity at the Gomes site than meets the eye, especially where the foundation is concerned, because "it's being surrounded by a fence. But each day, there are more and more people on the site."
Township administrator John Bussiculo said of the developer, "We had him in court again (the week before the Township Committee meeting). The state took him to court because he removed some asbestos from that location without getting permits. ... We (Springfield Township) had him in court (Monday) for removal of the fence on the Caldwell side and our site lines and, again, unfortunately, he wasn't there. So that continues. But we are doing everything we can to move him along."
Disclaimer:
